|
The October 1996 India cyclone (also known as Cyclone 05A) had an unusual and lengthy path that spanned much of the northern Indian Ocean. It originated as an area of convection that formed on October 14 in the southern Bay of Bengal, off India's east coast. Moving westward, it struck Andhra Pradesh on October 17 as a well-defined low pressure area. It crossed southern India and reorganized in the Arabian Sea offshore western India. The system developed into a depression on October 22 and quickly intensified while moving northward. By October 24, the cyclone approached hurricane intensity as it developed an eye, reaching peak winds of at least 110 km/h (70 mph). On October 25, the storm abruptly stalled and weakened offshore Gujarat and progressed southwestward as a minimal storm. It was no longer classifiable as a tropical cyclone by October 28, although its remnants persisted until November 2 when they dissipated east of Somalia. In southern India, the storm dropped heavy rainfall that caused severe flooding in Andhra Pradesh. At least 112 reservoirs or dams were breached, killing 200 people in Prakasam district. The waters ruined about of crop fields and damaged about 53,000 houses, leaving thousands homeless and forcing 100,000 people to leave their homes. The floods killed 388 people in southern India and caused US$388 million in damage. The storm later brushed the west coast of India, stranding 50 boats. The Indian military helped with relief and rescue efforts. Another cyclone struck Andhra Pradesh in November, causing additional damage and deaths. ==Meteorological history== The long-tracked storm originated from the monsoon trough, which spawned an area of convection, or thunderstorms, in the southern Bay of Bengal on October 14. It moved to the west-northwest and later to the west without much development.〔 The India Meteorological Department (IMD) classified the system as a well-marked low pressure area before the system moved ashore the southern Indian state of Andhra Pradesh on October 17. The system slowly crossed southern India, emerging into the Arabian Sea on October 21. That day, the convection organized into a circular cluster as the circulation became more defined.〔〔 The system slowed and turned to the north due to the presence of a ridge to the east.〔 The system organized into a depression on October 22, the same day that the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) classified it as Tropical Cyclone 05A. As the storm moved slowly northward, it quickly intensified, and the IMD upgraded the system's status, from a depression on October 22 to severe cyclonic storm status late on October 23. Around that time, the storm developed an eye,〔 and the JTWC estimated 1 minute peak winds of 120 km/h (75 mph) at 18:00 UTC that day, equivalent to a minimal hurricane.〔 On October 24, the IMD estimated peak 3 minute winds of 110 km/h (70 mph), although winds derived from the Dvorak technique suggested winds of 120 km/h (75 mph).〔 On October 25, the storm stalled about 95 km (60 mi) south of the Gujarat coast, due to ridge shifting eastward after another system formed in the Bay of Bengal.〔〔〔 Increased wind shear, cooler waters, and dry air rapidly weakened the storm. By late on October 25, the JTWC had discontinued warnings, and the IMD downgraded the storm to depression status. The system began moving to the southwest away from the wind shear. The IMD downgraded the system further to a remnant low on October 28, although on the same day, the JTWC began issuing advisories again after a nearby ship reported winds of 65 km/h (40 mph). Moving quicker to the west, the storm again weakened on October 31, prompting the JTWC to discontinue advisories while the system was about 110 km (70 mi) northeast of Socotra island. The remnants turned to the southwest, dissipating near the east coast of Somalia on November 2.〔〔 The JTWC remarked that the storm "had one of the most unusual tracks in North Indian Ocean cyclone history" and was one of the longest tracked cyclones in the basin.〔 The IMD noted that most storms approaching Gujarat usually strike the coast or weaken and move westward. The agency also stated that "there is no parallel of this system in (cyclone history )."〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「October 1996 India cyclone」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|